We have spent two decades studying women in academic science, exploring why only about one-fifth of professors are female in fields like engineering and computer science. In a recent journal article we wrote with the economist Shulamit Kahn, we discuss claims of sexism in tenure-track science positions that have appeared in the most prestigious scientific outlets, as well as in statements by top professional societies and blue-ribbon reports. These include bias against women in six key domains: tenure-track hiring, journal peer reviewing, grant funding, letters of recommendation for faculty applicants, salary, and teaching evaluations. To say that such claims are omnipresent in prestige science outlets is an understatement. [...]

Of the six areas of gender bias we examined, we found significant evidence of bias against women in two of them, teaching evaluations and salary. Also, although grants in the United States were gender-fair, elsewhere there was bias.